Types of Heating Oil in the UK: An Essential Guide
Heating oil is a key energy source for many households and businesses in the UK, especially in areas where mains gas supply isnt available. Stored in on-site tanks, heating oil fuels boilers and heaters, providing warmth and hot water throughout the year. However, not all heating oils are the samethere are different types with distinct characteristics, costs, and regulations. Understanding these differences is important for choosing the right fuel for your needs. This article explores the main types of heating oil used in the UK.
What is Heating Oil?
Heating oil is a refined petroleum product designed for use in heating systems. Its similar to diesel but refined to burn efficiently and cleanly in domestic and commercial boilers. Heating oil is delivered in bulk and stored on-site in tanks until needed.
The Main Types of Heating Oil in the UK
There are two primary types of heating oil widely used in the UK: Kerosene (28-second oil) and Gas Oil (35-second oil or red diesel). The main differences between these oils are viscosity, taxation, usage, and environmental impact.
1. Kerosene (28-Second Oil)
Kerosene, also known as 28-second oil, gets its name from the time it takes to flow through a standard test nozzle at 20Caround 28 seconds.
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Usage: Its the most common heating oil for domestic properties and is used to fuel oil-fired boilers and heaters.
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Benefits: Kerosene burns cleaner than heavier oils, producing fewer particulates and less soot. This helps boilers run efficiently and reduces maintenance.
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Cost: Its generally more expensive than gas oil because its subject to higher fuel duty (tax).
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Environmental Impact: While its a fossil fuel, kerosene produces fewer emissions than heavier oils, making it a relatively cleaner choice for home heating.
2. Gas Oil (35-Second Oil or Red Diesel)
Gas oil, often referred to as red diesel due to the red dye added for tax purposes, is thicker and less refined. Its viscosity is higher, taking about 35 seconds to flow through the same test.
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Usage: Mainly used in commercial, agricultural, and industrial heating systems, as well as some vehicles and machinery.
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Benefits: Gas oil is cheaper because it has a lower fuel duty.
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Cost: The lower price makes it appealing for large-scale use, but it is illegal for domestic heating due to taxation regulations.
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Environmental Impact: It produces more soot and particulates, which can lead to increased emissions and more frequent boiler servicing.
Emerging Alternative: Bioheating Oil
Bioheating oil is a newer option that blends traditional heating oil with renewable biofuels derived from vegetable oils or animal fats.
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Advantages: It lowers carbon emissions and is often compatible with existing boilers without modifications.
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Availability: Many suppliers offer blends containing up to 30% biofuel, supporting environmental sustainability.
Safety and Legal Considerations
In the UK, kerosene is the only type of heating oil approved for most domestic heating systems. Gas oil use is restricted to commercial and agricultural sectors due to tax laws. Proper storage in certified tanks is essential to avoid leaks and contamination. Regular maintenance of boilers and tanks is important for safety and efficiency.
Conclusion
Kerosene remains the go-to heating oil for UK homes due to its cleaner burning and legal approval. Gas oil offers a cost-effective option for commercial and agricultural use but is not permitted for domestic heating. Bioheating oil presents an eco-friendly alternative that supports carbon reduction while working with existing equipment. Knowing these types helps consumers make smart choices based on price, efficiency, and environmental impact.
